Multiple contingencies occurring within what timeframe are reported as a single contingency?

In power system operations and reliability coordination, the reporting of multiple contingencies as a single contingency is essential for maintaining accurate situational awareness and ensuring proper response protocols. The standard timeframe in which multiple contingencies occurring are considered one single contingency is typically 1 minute. This is important because, within this window, operators can react to a chain reaction of events without being overwhelmed by reporting each event individually, which may not accurately reflect the system's status.

During this minute, system operators assess the impacts and interactions between the various faults or outages and determine the most effective response. This practice helps in streamlining communication and decision-making processes in real-time operations, allowing for effective management of reliability issues as they arise. After this period, each event would need to be evaluated separately due to the evolving dynamics of the power system and the subsequent changes in system conditions.